Ibrahim Abidemi Odusanya
In this paper, the way in which economic growth influences income distribution is examined with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite considerable growth in a number of the SSA countries, the region has been slow in reversing the rising trend of income inequality. A large proportion of countries in the region globally rank among economies with extreme income inequality. The study covers a period from 1995 to 2015, due to the limited data on the measure of income inequality, the Gini index, for the largest number of the countries of the region. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) system was employed in examining this paradox. The findings of this research study do not only suggest the presence of an inverted-U relationship between economic growth and income inequality, but the supposition of the S-shaped curve hypothesis in the interplay of growth and inequality was also tested and confirmed. It can be concluded that in no way do spurts in economic growth bring about diminution in income disproportion in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Milena Jakšić
Obaveštavamo domaću i inostranu akademsku zajednicu da je naučni časopis Ekonomski horizonti, čiji je izdavač Ekonomski fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, svrstan u kategoriju Q3 na listi SJR – SCImago Journal Rank za 2022. godinu. Časopis se referiše u bazi Scopus od oktobra 2020. godine.
Dias Satria1, Tiara Juniar Soewardi2 and Joshi Maharani Wibowo3
The policy of the electronification of regional payment transactions (ERPT) is one of the innovations implemented by Indonesia due to the COVID-19 pandemic so as to increase the economic activity and revenue. This study is aimed at increasing the understanding of smart governance, the contactless economy, and regional income in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, and globally the new normal and the post-COVID-19 eras. This research study was carried out using the primary data obtained through questionnaires in 2021 applying the purposive sampling method and processed using the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) models. Based on the six hypotheses proposed in this study, the results show that performance expectancy, the social influence, and the facilitating condition have a positive and significant impact on the behavioral use of the noncash payment transactions of taxes and levies in North Sumatra Province. On the other hand, the effort expectancy has no significant impact on the cashless transaction of paying taxes and levies in the North Sumatra Province.
Ana Aleksić Mirić, Zorica Aničić i Marina Petrović
U radu se istražuje povezanost umrežavanja i inovativnosti socijalnih preduzeća. Istraživanje je motivisano idejom da se razume uticaj umrežavanja na inovativnost ove posebne vrste organizacija, koje zbog svoje hibridne prirode imaju potencijal da odgovore na ekonomske i društvene izazove današnjice. Istraživanje je zasnovano na uzorku od 837 socijalnih preduzeća iz 11 evropskih zemalja. Rezultati su pokazali da je umrežavanje jedna od ključnih odlika ovih organizacija, jer više od 90% ispitivanih organizacija sarađuje sa drugim organizacijama, ali i da, samo po sebi, umrežavanje ne utiče na inovativnost socijalnih preduzeća. Detaljnija analiza pokazuje razlike koje oblici umrežavanja i starost organizacije imaju na inovativnost.
Marwa El Foutoun, Ahmed Kchikeche and Driss Mafamane
This paper explores youth unemployment in Morocco using the Labor Force Survey of the 2019 data to estimate a logit model. The paper provides the evidence for the three categories of possible determinants of youth unemployment in Morocco. The first set of determinants are the geographic and sociodemographic characteristics such the sex, age, the marital status and the area of residence. Secondly, the socioeconomic factors such as the young people’s family background and the number of workers per household play a decisive role in explaining youth unemployment in Morocco. Thirdly and finally, the results obtained in this study show that (regardless of their diplomas) young graduates are more likely to be unemployed than persons without a diploma. However, the influence a diploma type has on the probability of being unemployed varies according to the diploma type. The results obtained shed a light on the important characteristics of youth unemployment in Morocco and should serve as a guide for future research in more specific knowledge gaps.
Maja Putica
Cilj ovog rada je proučavanje uticaja izabranih poslovnih i institucionalnih determinanti na godišnje efektivne poreske stope u bankama u Republici Srbiji (RS). Regresioni modeli panel podataka primenjeni su na 113 opservacija, koje pokrivaju period 2017-2021, gde se računovodstvena i tekuća efektivna poreska stopa koriste kao mera stvarnog poreskog opterećenja. Rezultati pokazuju da je efektivna poreska stopa u bankama u RS znatno ispod zakonskog nivoa. Dalje, za svaki skup podataka, izračunati su koeficijenti promena efektivne poreske stope, a najadekvatniji model biran je koristeći Hausman-ov i Breusch i Pagan-ov test. U prvom modelu, najveća promena efektivnih poreskih stopa je uzrokovana promenom leveridža, procesom merdžera i akvizicija i veličinom banke. Prisustvo rezervisanja za kreditne gubitke u modelu u potpunosti naglašava uticaj profitabilnosti i leveridža. Konačno, u poslednjem modelu, banke sa dobitkom pre oporezivanja mogu da upravljaju efektivnim poreskim stopama i poreskim opterećenjima putem regulisanja nivoa kapitalizacije. Rezultati ove studije su od interesa za ekonomiste i menadžere u bankama, pomažući im u efikasnom poreskom planiranju i upravljanju rezultatima.
Haryo Kuncoro1 and Fafurida Fafurida2
Whether macroeconomic fundamentals affect the exchange rate volatility in emerging markets with an inflation-targeting regime or not is highly challenging. In this paper, the impact of the current account deficits and foreign reserves on the volatility of real exchange rates. Applying threshold quantile regression models related to Indonesia over the period from 2005(7) to 2021(12), it is concluded that both variables play an important role in controlling the exchange rate instability. Both coefficients are also found to have an upward linear pattern. The asymmetric impact of current account balance holds. Claiming that a two-percent current account deficit in the GDP is the safe amount of the deficit that will not significantly affect the foreign-exchange rate is justified as such. The asymmetric behavior of the current account balance has the potential to trigger real exchange rate volatility, thereby undermining the monetary policy within the framework of the inflation targeting regime. Accordingly, the optimal stock of foreign reserves might avoid imposing dual goals of inflation targeting and exchange rate stability.
Joshua Adeyemi Afolabi
Technological advancement continues to revolutionize the labor market and has particularly intensified the debate on its employment effect across developing and developed economies. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework, this study provides insights into the employment-innovation nexus across the Nigerian economic sectors using the quarterly data from 2011Q1 to 2021Q4. The findings reveal that the employment-innovation nexus is a short-run phenomenon in Nigeria and that technological innovation enhances employment generation in the service sector and the agricultural sector, but it takes a quarter before the positive employment effect occurs. Overall, the results suggest that technological innovation improves employment and reallocates labor across the sectors, which suggests the need to fully operationalize technological innovation across the Nigerian economic sectors in order to tackle the prevailing unemployment conundrum in the country.
Milena Jakšić
Naučni časopis Ekonomski horizonti, čiji je izdavač Ekonomski fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, nakon sprovedenog dvostruko anonimnog recenzentskog postupka, u Svesci 1 Volumen 25 Godište 2023 sadrži tri izvorna naučna članka i tri pregledna članka.