Joshua Adeyemi Afolabi1, Blessing Ufuoma Olanrewaju1 and Wasiu Adekunle2
The Nigerian economy has been repeatedly hit by macroeconomic shocks, primarily owing to its over-reliance on crude oil and poor resource management. Given the limited resilience capacity of Nigeria’s economic sectors, this study examined the sensitivity of these sectors to macroeconomic shocks using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) and the Vector Error Correction (VEC) models in whose frameworks the study was carried out for the period between 2010Q1 and 2021Q4. The findings revealed the high responsiveness of the services and agricultural sectors to fiscal shocks, as well as the high sensitivity of the industrial sector to interest rate shocks. Also, the services sector was found to be more resilient to oil price shocks than the other sectors. Therefore, this study advocates for developing strategies to boost sectoral productivity and skillfully blend the fiscal and monetary policies so as to cushion the effects of macroeconomic shocks. Overall, this study provides the evidence of the sectoral effects of macroeconomic shocks in Nigeria.
Radovan Kovačević
U ovom radu se analizira uticaj relevantnih faktora na kretanje realnog izvoza robe i usluga nekoliko perifernih članica evrozone. U uzorku se nalazi pet zemalja (Italija, Španija, Portugalija, Irska i Grčka). Posmatra se vremenski period 2000-2019. Cilj istraživanja je da pruži robustne ocene dugoročne veze između realnog izvoza ovih zemalja i izabranih objašnjavajućih varijabli, koristeći panel analizu. Ocenjeni su koeficijenati kointegracione izvozne jednačine pomoću FMOLS i DOLS estimatora. Primenom FMOLS estimatora, ocenjena vrednost koeficijenta uz varijablu realni efektivni devizni kurs je negativna (-0,80), a uz varijablu inostrane tražnje je pozitivna (2,25). Koeficijent uz realni efektivni devizni kurs potvrđuje da precenjena realna vrednost evra, iz ugla perifernih članica evrozone, deluje destimulativno na njihov realni izvoz. Ocenjeni koeficijent, uz varijablu inostrane tražnje, sugeriše da se realan izvoz robe i usluga (volumeni) perifernih članica evrozone povaćava za 2,25% kad realan bruto društveni proizvod (BDP) EU poraste za 1%. Elastičnost realnog izvoza perifernih članica je veća prema stranoj tražnji (dohodna elastičnost) nego prema promeni relativnih cena (cenovna elastičnost). Smanjivanje nadnica i cena u perifernim članicama dovelo je do redistributivnih efekata u korist jezgra Evrozone.
Vlatka Bilas and Sanja Franc
This paper is aimed at examining the fact whether foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports do contribute to economic growth in the thirteen European Union (EU) new member states (namely Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) during the period from 2005 to 2020 or not. Various statistical tests were performed in order to examine the relationship and causality among the three observed series, including unit-root tests, the Kao and Pedroni cointegration tests, and finally the modified causality test. The obtained results are mixed. Although cointegration was established between FDI, exports and growth, the estimation of the long-term coefficients varied to such an extent that only ambiguous conclusions about the effect of FDI and exports on the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) could be reached. The research results imply the fact that positive effects of FDI and exports are neither automatic nor equal in all the countries, but the same rather depend on the many factors and conditions that the governments of the selected states should consider when designing policy measures for attracting FDI and promoting exports.
Mirjana Todorović i Dragana Parč
Osnovni cilj postavljen ovim radom jeste identifikovanje pozicije kontrolinga i kontrolera, u praksi preduzeća u Republici Srbiji, u uslovima intenzivne digitalizacije. Fokus istraživanja će biti na shvatanju i kritičnim faktorima uspeha kontrolinga, alatima i zadacima kontrolera. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 35 preduzeća, a anketirana su lica zaposlena na različitim pozicijama u kontrolingu. U metodološkom smislu, analiza podataka je obuhvatila deskriptivnu statistiku, merenje pouzdanosti i interne konzistentnosti varijabli (Cronbach’s Alpha koeficijent) i sprovođenje neparametarskog testa (Mann-Whitney’s U test). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se kontroling shvata višedimenzionalno, a najčešće kao stručna podrška menadžmentu; da je ključni faktor uspeha kontrolinga stručnost i kompetentnost kontrolera; da su najznačajniji alati u kontrolingu budžet, analiza odstupanja i kratkoročni obračun rezultata i da je jedan od osnovnih zadataka kontrolera izveštavanje menadžmenta. Sprovođenje neparametarskog testiranja omogućilo je identifikovanje statistički značajnih razlika u stavovima ispitanika.
Khadijat Adenola Yahaya, Ramat Titilayo Salman, Abubakar Kolapo Abdulsalam and Adesanmi Timothy Adegbayibi
This study is aimed at evaluating the impact of human resource accounting for the profitability of Nigerian listed conglomerate companies. The secondary data used in the study were collected from the audited annual reports of the six conglomerate companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in the period from the year 2010 to 2019. The panel regression technique was adapted for the purpose of the analysis of the collected data. The results show that the cost of staff training and staff development, changes in employees’ salaries and post-employment benefits have a positive significant impact on the profitability of the Nigerian conglomerate companies. The study then concludes that human resource accounting positively contributes to the profitability of Nigerian conglomerate companies and provides the recommendations reading that Nigerian companies should invest more in their employee training and development.
Aleksandra Praščević i Milutin Ješić
U radu se analizira uticaj cena energenata na makroekonomsku stabilnost. Cene energenata predstavljaju značajne šokove ponude, koji su se kroz ekonomsku istoriju pokazali kao jedan od vodećih generatora cikličnih fluktuacija. Analiza je obuhvatila države članice bivše SFRJ, kao i države članice Višegradske grupe. Posmatrani pokazatelji su, radi komparativne analize, prikazani i za EU27 kao celinu. Saglasno sa ekonomskom teorijom, glavni zaključak rada je da šokovi ovog tipa mogu biti značajan izvor cikličnih fluktuacija i okidač inflacije, te da kreatori ekonomske politike imaju kompleksan zadatak da minimiziraju efekte ovih šokova. U aktuelnom trenutku, kada na globalnim energetskim tržištima cene energenata dostižu istorijski visoke nivoe, naučni doprinos analize šokova sa strane ponude može se naći u dubinskoj analizi i utemeljenoj oceni uloge ovih šokova u očuvanju makroekonomske stabilnosti, kao i neophodnih mera ekonomske politike za minimiziranje njihovih negativnih efekata.
Mirjana Gligorić Matić i Biljana Jovanović Gavrilović
U radu se razmatraju kvantitativni aspekti privrednog rasta, odnosno, njegova dinamika. Mada je uobičajeno da se prilikom analize dinamike ekonomskog rasta zemalja posmatra stopa (intenzitet) rasta, pri čemu se varijabilnost rasta zanemaruje, pokazujemo da obuhvatanje fluktuacija u stopama rasta ima jasnu motivaciju i praktičan značaj. Na uzorku evropskih zemalja, uključujući i Republiku Srbiju, analiziran je intenzitet rasta i njegova stabilnost, da bi se, na osnovu ove dve komponente, konstruisao indikator dinamike rasta i prilagođena stopa rasta. Na bazi ova dva konstruisana indikatora, analiziran je položaj svake zemlje u uzorku, kao i u okviru regiona (Zapadne i Istočne Evrope) kome pripadaju. Analiza i rezultati ukazuju na važnost ovakvog pristupa prilikom analize i komparacije privrednog rasta pojedinačnih zemalja u srednjem i dugom roku, kao i procene efekata na budući privredni rast i blagostanje.
Henry Emife Monye-Emina1 and Edirin Jeroh2
This study essentially examines the audit effort as a possible determinant of the abnormal audit fees evinced in International Financial Reporting Standards-based financial statements. Therefore, the secondary data were sourced from the audited annual reports and the relevant financial statements of the Nigerian listed banks for the period of observation (2010-2019). An analysis was performed using the relevant techniques that include descriptive statistics, the correlation matrix and panel regression. The findings showed that the IFRS, the client complexity (CPX) and the client size (SIZ) were negatively correlated with abnormal audit fees (ABFEE), whereas joint audit (JAD) recorded a positive correlation with such abnormal audit fees. Lucidly, joint audit showed a stronger relationship with abnormal audit fees, whereas the client size showed a significant, but negative relationship with abnormal audit fees. Similarly, the fact that, with a probability value 0.9494, the relationship between ABFEE and the client complexity was not significant was noticed. Given these research outcomes, it can be concluded that abnormal audit fees are primarily motivated by extra or unexplained audit efforts and the costs associated with them. It is, therefore, recommended that, proportionately with the service(s) rendered, accounting professional bodies should review, harmonize and tactically institute a limit for professional charges through the enforcement of regulated benchmarks for audit fees payable by clients.
Snezana Nestic1, Aleksandar Aleksic1, Jaime Gil Lafuente2 and Nikolina Ljepava3
Enhancing production and sale has a very significant effect on the competitive advantage of any production enterprise. In practice, especially in companies with highly diversified production, products have a different impact on generating revenue. Therefore, operational management pay attention to the products of the utmost importance. The Pareto analysis is the most broadly used product classification method. It can be said that the results obtained by this analysis are still very burdened by decision-makers’ subjective attitudes. This paper proposes a model for selecting products with the biggest impact on generating revenue in an exact way. In the model’s first stage, whether there is a linear relationship between volume demand and a discounted amount is analyzed applying mathematical statistics methods. In the second stage, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) method is proposed so as to obtain a near-optimal set of the most important products. The proposed model is shown to be a useful and effective assessment tool for sales and operational management in a production enterprise.
Khushboo Gupta1, Venkata Ramana Thanikella2, Omkar Singh Deol3 and Kanishka Gupta4
The objective of the current paper is to study the relationship between company financial factors, macroeconomic factors and the market measures of risk of the Consumer Goods Sector of the Indian economy. Systematic, unsystematic and total risks are the measures of the risk used. Dynamic panel data regression techniques have been applied to the data of the companies comprising the S&P BSE FMCG index of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) of India. The time frame established for the study is the period from 2011 to 2020. The results show that on average 89.6 percent of total risk is attributable to the unsystematic portion, whereas the rest is attributable to the systematic portion. Furthermore, both the financial variables and macroeconomic variables can be used to gauge the risk related to investments. Moreover, marketing personnel may justify their expenditure that builds their brand value as these efforts will reduce the risk for investors and increase their wealth. The results of this study are especially useful for business managers, as well as investors, helping them to understand risk and the factors contributing to it, which may provide useful insights regarding cost-of-capital and value-of-firm calculations.