Saša Ranđelović1 i Svetlana Vukanović2
U ovom radu se analizira nivo fiskalne decentralizacije i strukturne karakteristike lokalnih javnih finansija u Republici Srbiji, sa fokusom na lokalnu politiku javnih investicija. Udeo rashoda centralnog nivoa vlasti u konsolidovanim javnim rashodima u Republici Srbiji iznosi 83%, što ukazuje na relativno visok stepen fiskalne centralizacije. I pored rasta javnih prihoda u poslednjoj deceniji, lokalne javne investicije su i dalje niske – u Republici Srbiji iznose 1% BDP-a, što je znatno ispod proseka EU (1,4%) i Centralne i Istočne Evrope (1,5% BDP-a). Rezultati ukazuju na velike razlike u relativnoj visini javnih investicija po lokalnim samoupravama. Veći deo lokalnih javnih investicija usredsređen je na održavanje putne i administrativne infrastrukture, dok su ulaganja u životnu sredinu i obrazovanje niska. Da bi se smanjili lokalni dispariteti u kvalitetu lokalne infrastrukture i podstakla ekonomska konvergencija, neophodno je unapređenje kapaciteta za planiranje i sprovođenje investicija i uvođenje sistemskih podsticaja za lokalne javne investicije.
Dejan Spasic1,3, Mutaz A. Abouagla2 and Vojislav Sekerez1
Developing countries are faced with a lot of challenges in providing high-quality financial reports based on modern accounting regulations and practices. With its specific colonial and postcolonial history of socioeconomic relations, Sudan is one of a few countries that has not adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) either as a mandatory or as a voluntary financial reporting framework. Focusing on a sample of 142 respondents, the attitudes towards the obstacles and possible benefits of introducing the IFRS in Sudan expressed by accountants working in the industry sector are examined in the paper. This research study has shown that Sudanese accountants are highly aware of the needs and benefits of the IFRS adoption. The respondents predominantly agree that the IFRS adoption would increase the FDI inflow, reduce frauds and other unlawful activities, and improve the comparability, reliability and transparency of financial information, which currently is not the case. However, the research shows that accountants in Sudan also express a high degree of skepticism, given the numerous restrictions that they believe would make the introduction of the IFRS more difficult.
Ochuko Benedict Emudainohwo
The extant literature links manageress incentives to earnings management. It has globally accounted for the collapse of some well-known, established firms, since it depicts a low financial reporting quality. This study employed data from the 77 nonfinancial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2019 in order to examine the determinants of earnings management. The result showed strong evidence of an incentive to manage earnings. Profitability (Return on Assets – ROA) and the size of a firm have a strong positive impact on earnings management, while the non-debt tax shield and operating cash flows have a strong negative influence on earnings management. The study suggests that external stakeholders should observe a firm’s factors influencing its assets, non-debt tax shield and operating cash flows (such as accelerating/delaying cash receipts/payment through the use of credit sales and granting discounts), these being the crucial factors influencing earnings management even when the firm is increasing in size. Management should minimally use the above-mentioned factors of a firm as an earnings management instrument.
Anna Pietruszka-Ortyl
The knowledge workers who form the core of the crew of a modern organization have emerged. They have a unique position in an enterprise, which complicates the incentive system building process and managers’ formal impact on their activities. With a „deep-smarts” status, they adopt the attitudes that restrain or even intentionally hide knowledge flow. Providing support to organizational culture is crucial for motivating knowledge workers to contribute to an organization with their knowledge. This research paper is mainly aimed at identifying knowledge workers’ preferences for organizational culture. The paper focuses on indicating the directions of the development of Polish IT companies’ organizational culture in line with the attitudes of the professionals aiming to stimulate their involvement in the implementation of specific knowledge diffusion subprocesses. The paper is based upon the empirical research conducted on a sample of 105 IT sector knowledge workers in Poland in 2020.
Lilianne Isabel Pavón Cuéllar
As proposed by the current theoretical framework, the fact that the economic growth of a country depends not only on the formation of physical and human capital and the sustainable exploitation of its natural resources, but also on the financial inclusion that allows economic agents to find solutions to liquidity restrictions and channel savings towards productive investment is exhibited in this paper. By matching multiple databases, static and dynamic panel estimates are developed, verifying the robustness of results and the endogenous nature of economic growth. The current research demonstrates that social inclusion is not only the desired result of economic growth, but a required input for its future sustainability.
Vladimir Obradović1, Marko Milašinović2 i Jasmina Bogićević1
Informacije o segmentima preduzeća predstavljaju važnu osnovu za donošenje poslovnih odluka. Da bi odluke zasnovane na informacijama o segmentima bile adekvatne, te informacije treba da budu saopštene u skladu sa regulativom. Cilj rada je da se ispita adekvatnost informacija o segmentima kotiranih društava u Republici Srbiji i Republici Hrvatskoj, kao i da se utvrdi da li postoje veze između obima obelodanjenih finansijskih informacija o segmentima i veličine preduzeća i karaktera revizorske kuće. Istraživanje je otkrilo da obelodanjivanje informacija o segmentima generalno nije potpuno u skladu sa Međunarodnim standardom finansijskog izveštavanja 8 – Segmenti poslovanja. Utvrđeno je i da akcionarska društva sa većom vrednošću ukupnih sredstava obelodanjuju detaljnije finansijske informacije o segmentima. Međutim, nije otkrivena statistički značajna razlika u količini obelodanjenih informacija o segmentima između preduzeća čiji su finansijski izveštaji predmet revizije od strane velikih revizorskih kuća i onih koja su klijenti ostalih revizorskih kuća.
Radovan Kovačević
U radu se analizira adekvatnost nivoa deviznih rezervi Republike Srbije (RS) i faktori koji utiču na njihovo akumuliranje, uz primenu ekonometrijskog modela. U analizu su uključene relevantne promenjive, kao što su bruto domaći proizvod (BDP), realni efektivni devizni kurs (REDK) i monetarni agregat M2/BDP. Pomoću testova jediničnog korena, utvrđeno je da su varijable integrisane reda I(1). Test kointegracije je otkrio postojanje jedne kointegracione jednačine. Regresioni model je ocenjen korišćenjem kvartalnih podataka, za period od prvog kvartala 2002, zaključno sa trećim kvartalom 2020. Ocenjeni koeficijenti kointegracionih parametara pokazuju da naglašen uticaj na akumuliranje deviznih rezervi ima privredna aktivnost aproksimirana pomoću BDP-a, a zatim, pritisak na apresijaciju dinara (aproksimiran pomoću indeksa REDK) i rast novčane mase (ocenjen preko monetarnog agregata M2/BDP). U analizi se, sem konvencionalnih, ukazuje i na specifične faktore i njihov uticaj na formiranje deviznih rezervi RS. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su devizne rezerve RS veće od nivoa koji preporučuju standardni kriterijumi optimalnosti. Nalazi u radu, takođe, sugerišu da je potrebno uzeti u obzir dividende, koje ostvaruju strani investitori u RS, kao i određene segmente portfolio investicija, prilikom utvrđivanja specifičnog pokazatelja adekvatnog nivoa deviznih rezervi.
Henry Osahon Osazevbaru
This paper investigates the joint impact of interest rate and exchange rate volatility on the performance of the informal sector in Nigeria, focusing on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The annual time-series data on the exchange and interest rates for the period 1981-2018 were obtained from where exchange and interest rates volatility data were computed. The data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, correlation, a unit root test, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test for cointegration and the ARCH regression model. The results obtained by the ARDL bound test confirmed the presence of the long-term relationship between interest and exchange rates volatility and SMEs’ performance, which suggests that all the variables of interest move together in the long run. Moreover, the ARCH regression model showed a positive impact of exchange and interest rates volatility on SMEs’ performance. However, only exchange rate volatility was significant. Thus, policy makers should pursue the interest rate and exchange rate regimes that will encourage massive investments in SMEs. This, in turn, would increase the performance of SMEs. Also, the monetary authorities should implement the policies aimed at curtailing incessant volatility in the exchange rate and the interest rate so as to protect SMEs from the external perturbations of the movements of the exchange rate and the interest rate.
Slađana Savović, Dejana Zlatanović i Jelena Nikolić
U skladu sa paradigmom otvorenih inovacija, tehnološke akvizicije, kojima se nastoji ostvariti pristup novim tehnologijama i znanju, postaju važno strateško sredstvo za unapređenje inovativnog potencijala preduzeća. Cilj istraživanja u radu je pokazati kako tehnološke akvizicije mogu pomoći preduzećima da budu uspešnija u realizaciji inovacija. U tom smislu, u radu su analizirane različite mogućnosti za unapređenje inovativnog potencijala preduzeća nakon implementacije tehnoloških akvizicija. Objašnjavaju se i izazovi sa kojima se preduzeća suočavaju u periodu nakon implementacije tehnoloških akvizicija i ukazuje na moguće načine prevazilaženja ovih izazova. Prezentirani su rezultati sprovedenih empirijskih istraživanja o uticaju tehnoloških akvizicija na inovativnost preduzeća. U radu je potvrđeno da sticanje tehnologije i znanja iz eksternih izvora, kao i usklađivanje eksternih znanja sa interno razvijenom bazom znanja, unapređuje inovativni potencijal preduzeća. Dodatno, rezultati pokazuju da akvizicije povećavaju verovatnoću kreiranja inovacija u povezanim preduzećima. Takođe, inovacije se realizuju mnogo brže u odnosu na situaciju kada preduzeća ne bi sarađivala.
Mirela Mitrasevic1 and Snezana Bardarova2
The subject matter of this paper is measuring the risk of lending to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) from the point of view of the existing banking regulations. The paper starts from the hypothesis that an increase in the transparency of the credit risk measurement process would enable the timely detection of problems and leave room for the actions necessary for the management of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as all creditors, and generate an opportunity for SMEs to provide more favorable sources of financing. In the research study, the well-known Altman Z-Score model was used to assess the probability of default and rank a company. The results of the application of the Z-Score model indicate that, to a certain extent, they can detect the companies in which bankruptcy may occur in the two years following the assessment, on the one hand, but they cannot be considered as reliable for the assessment of the probability of the bankruptcy of SMEs in the Republic of Serbia, on the other.