Nada Trivić1 and Bojana Todić2
The theoretical model of a perfectly competitive market leads to the efficient allocation of resources, and one of the assumptions of that model is complete information of market participants. In reality, however, market participants are usually asymmetrically informed. The goal of this analysis is to point out the fact that asymmetric information is almost ubiquitous, and also to point out the consequences of asymmetric information and the possibility of their elimination or mitigation. In addition, the research aim also reflects in achieving a theoretical confirmation of the presence of such asymmetric information and its consequences on the labor market as well, and in an attempt to mathematically formalize such markets, especially the labor market, by modeling the method of calculating wages and the employer’s objective function as an opportunity to overcome the principal-agent problem. The precisely defined research goals determined the structure of the paper, as well as the methodological tools. In order to test and prove the defined research hypotheses in this study and to realize the defined research goals of the study, the methods of theoretical analysis, abstraction, comparison, concretization, generalization, and critical evaluation are used.
Vallari Chandna
Temporary organizations take on numerous forms and can be found within and across traditional organizational forms. With the rise of remote work, born-global organizations and collaborative work, temporary organizations are becoming more prevalent. They are playing critical roles in a host of situations and organizational leaders need to better understand the phenomena so as to be able to navigate and utilize them correctly. In this paper, a conceptual model intended to understand how temporary organizations partially embedded in multiple parent organizations are being faced with unique identity issues is proposed. The individuals involved with such boundary spanning temporary organizations have identity issues due to their multiple identities being at odds with each other. Using the theories of temporary organizational forms and the social identity, the given conceptual framework shows that the dilemmas related to multiple identities can be resolved by: buffering and ordering identities, self-selecting into temporary organizational forms, and acknowledging such multiple identities and allowing them to simultaneously be salient. Additionally, the consequences of a lack of resolution are explored, including reduced group cohesion, lower performance and the unethical behavior on the part of the pro-parent organization.
Maria Rio Rita, Yeterina Widi Nugrahanti and Ari Budi Kristanto
This study aims to examine whether Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending, financial bootstrapping and government support affect the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) by adding a mediating variable in the form of innovation. Innovation mediation is expected to be able to optimize the influence of government funding and incentives towards improving business performance. This study used an SEM-PLS analysis technique. The study samples were the MSMEs located in the city of Salatiga – Central Java, Indonesia. The results showed that P2P lending and financial bootstrapping had a positive effect on business performance and innovation. While government support had a positive effect on innovation, on the one hand, it had no effect on business performance, on the other. Innovation itself is proven to have an influence on business performance. This study also finds that innovation mediates the effect of P2P lending on business performance, facilitates the effect of financial bootstrapping on business performance and reconciles the effect of government support on business performance.
Aleksandra Bošković
In the digitalization era, traditional organizational success factors have been called into question, so it is necessary to reconsider the established work patterns and find new ways to create sustainable value. Given the fact that, as bearers of knowledge, people are the key drivers of value, it is important to explore possible ways to improve their potential. The research study carried out in this paper is aimed showing that autonomy contributes to the development of employee engagement in the digital environment, especially so in remote working conditions. In that sense, the concept of employee engagement was explained, as a state of high vigor, dedication and absorption. Possible ways to improve engagement through increasing autonomy are pointed out as well. The empirical research has confirmed that autonomy has a positive effect on vigor and dedication as the engagement dimensions. The impact autonomy exerts on vigor is stronger in the employees working remotely in comparison with those who do not work remotely.
Lich Khac Hoang1, Binh Tan Cao2, Kim My Le2 and Dung Thi Thuy Nguyen2
This paper examines the impact of taxes on the economic growth based on classifying countries by GDP per capita and a tax burden. The Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) technique is used because it is not too sensitive to outliers. Through this multicriteria classification technique, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is employed to analyze the data of the three groups consisting of 63 countries from 2003 to 2017. The results show that most taxes have a positive impact on economic growth in poor countries (Group 1). Interestingly, taxes on goods and services promote economic growth in rich countries (Group 3), rather than having a negative effect, as is concluded by some previous studies. Specially, while the property tax has a negative effect on economic growth in rich countries, its impact is significantly positive in poor countries.
Saša Ranđelović1 and Svetlana Vukanović2
This paper analyses the level of fiscal decentralization and structural characteristics of local public finances in Republic of Serbia with focus on local public investments. Share of central government expenditures in consolidated government spending of 83%, indicates relatively high degree of fiscal centralization. In spite of significant rise in local public revenues in the last decade public investments remained low – amounting to 1% of GDP, which is significantly below EU and Central and Eastern Europe average (1.4 and 1.5% GDP, respectively). Our results indicate large variation in relative size of public investments across LSGs. Most local public investments are focused on roads maintenance administrative infrastructure, while investments in environment and education are low. To tackle local disparities in terms of quality of local infrastructure and to foster economic convergence, development of planning and implementation capacities and introduction of systemic incentives for local public investments should be considered.
e investicija i uvođenje sistemskih podsticaja za lokalne javne investicije.
Dejan Spasic1,3, Mutaz A. Abouagla2 and Vojislav Sekerez1
Developing countries are faced with a lot of challenges in providing high-quality financial reports based on modern accounting regulations and practices. With its specific colonial and postcolonial history of socioeconomic relations, Sudan is one of a few countries that has not adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) either as a mandatory or as a voluntary financial reporting framework. Focusing on a sample of 142 respondents, the attitudes towards the obstacles and possible benefits of introducing the IFRS in Sudan expressed by accountants working in the industry sector are examined in the paper. This research study has shown that Sudanese accountants are highly aware of the needs and benefits of the IFRS adoption. The respondents predominantly agree that the IFRS adoption would increase the FDI inflow, reduce frauds and other unlawful activities, and improve the comparability, reliability and transparency of financial information, which currently is not the case. However, the research shows that accountants in Sudan also express a high degree of skepticism, given the numerous restrictions that they believe would make the introduction of the IFRS more difficult.
Ochuko Benedict Emudainohwo
The extant literature links manageress incentives to earnings management. It has globally accounted for the collapse of some well-known, established firms, since it depicts a low financial reporting quality. This study employed data from the 77 nonfinancial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2019 in order to examine the determinants of earnings management. The result showed strong evidence of an incentive to manage earnings. Profitability (Return on Assets – ROA) and the size of a firm have a strong positive impact on earnings management, while the non-debt tax shield and operating cash flows have a strong negative influence on earnings management. The study suggests that external stakeholders should observe a firm’s factors influencing its assets, non-debt tax shield and operating cash flows (such as accelerating/delaying cash receipts/payment through the use of credit sales and granting discounts), these being the crucial factors influencing earnings management even when the firm is increasing in size. Management should minimally use the above-mentioned factors of a firm as an earnings management instrument.
Anna Pietruszka-Ortyl
The knowledge workers who form the core of the crew of a modern organization have emerged. They have a unique position in an enterprise, which complicates the incentive system building process and managers’ formal impact on their activities. With a „deep-smarts” status, they adopt the attitudes that restrain or even intentionally hide knowledge flow. Providing support to organizational culture is crucial for motivating knowledge workers to contribute to an organization with their knowledge. This research paper is mainly aimed at identifying knowledge workers’ preferences for organizational culture. The paper focuses on indicating the directions of the development of Polish IT companies’ organizational culture in line with the attitudes of the professionals aiming to stimulate their involvement in the implementation of specific knowledge diffusion subprocesses. The paper is based upon the empirical research conducted on a sample of 105 IT sector knowledge workers in Poland in 2020.
Lilianne Isabel Pavón Cuéllar
As proposed by the current theoretical framework, the fact that the economic growth of a country depends not only on the formation of physical and human capital and the sustainable exploitation of its natural resources, but also on the financial inclusion that allows economic agents to find solutions to liquidity restrictions and channel savings towards productive investment is exhibited in this paper. By matching multiple databases, static and dynamic panel estimates are developed, verifying the robustness of results and the endogenous nature of economic growth. The current research demonstrates that social inclusion is not only the desired result of economic growth, but a required input for its future sustainability.