Biljana Bogićević Milikić
Intenzivne promene u poslovnom okruženju, sa značajnim implikacijama za organizacije koje se ogledaju u povećanju njihove veličine, tanjenju struktura, primeni novih modela u intra i inter organizacionom dizajnu, rastu značaja upravljanja znanjem i primeni multi strategija, proizvele su i značajne efekte na arhitekturu menadžmenta ljudskih resursa (MLJR-a). Kako u relevantnoj literaturi postoji niz različitih pristupa arhitekturi MLJR-a, cilj rada je da se kreira integralni konceptualni okvir za dizajniranje ove funkcije. U tu svrhu, u radu se analiziraju različiti pristupi u dizajniranju MLJR-a, sa stanovišta glavnih teorijskih modela organizacionog dizajna, sa ciljem da se identifikuju sličnosti i razlike među njima i kreira integralni konceptualni okvir za dizajniranje arhitekture MLJR-a. Time bi se stvorili uslovi za primenu sveobuhvatnijeg pristupa u kreiranju, analizi i razumevanju arhitekture MLJR-a. Rezultati istraživanja su sugerisali da savremenu arhitekturu MLJR-a određuje šest osnovnih elemenata dizajna: kontingentni faktori MLJR-a, interesi ključnih stakeholder-a, tvrde komponente MLJR-a, meke komponente MLJR-a, organizacioni rezultati, i povratna sprega.
Fatai Abiodun Atanda1 and Florence Olubunmi Osemene2
This study examines the key determinants of the competitiveness of firms in Nigeria. It draws the firm-level (i.e. firm-specific characteristics) data and macro-data (environmental factors) from the annual reports and accounts of non-financial listed firms and the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria, respectively. In addition, it employs descriptive, inferential and econometric tools to analyze the data. The results reveal that the age of a firm, its productive assets, profitability and the capital expenditure ratio of the government enhanced the competitiveness of high-competition firms, on the one hand, while the high cost of finance hindered it, on the other. However, profitability, business risk, the size of a firm and inflation contributed to the competitiveness of low-competition firms, on the one hand, while sales growth and employees’ capacity reduced it, on the other. It was concluded that both firm-specific and environmental factors played the beneficial and detrimental roles when the level of the competitiveness achieved by the Nigerian non-financial listed firms is concerned. Thus, the policy implications of these results were discussed.
Vladimir Mihajlović
Istraživanje u radu odnosi se na ocenu validnosti novokejnzijanske Filipsove krive u kontekstu privrede Republike Srbije (RS). Empirijskom analizom kvantifikovan je uticaj domaćih pokretača na stopu inflacije – inflacionih očekivanja, realnih graničnih troškova i output gepa. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da inflacija u RS intenzivnije reaguje na negativne nego na pozitivne šokove ponude i tražnje, odnosno, značajnije opada tokom perioda kontrakcije privrede nego što raste tokom faze ekspanzije. Ocenjeni model novokejnzijanske Filipsove krive, u kojem figurišu granični troškovi, pruža nedvosmislene dokaze da se unapređenjem produktivnosti usporava rast troškovne inflacije kao komponente ukupne inflacije. Uticaj očekivane na stvarnu inflaciju je statistički značajan, iako u dinamici inflacije preovlađuje inerciona komponenta, to jest, efekat prošlih stopa inflacije na tekuću stopu. Empirijski nalazi o modelu Filipsove krive sa output gepom ukazuju da monetarna ekspanzija u RS, između ostalog, može da stimuliše privrednu aktivnost bez stvaranja značajnijih inflatornih pritisaka.
Edirin Jeroh
This paper comparatively analyzes the internal determinants of environmental disclosure practices among firms in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To achieve this, secondary data on the characteristics of the measures of the board and the characteristics of the audit committee were obtained from a sample of 60 companies from across the region (20 each from Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa). The regression technique was used to analyze the data and the results revealed the fact that, while the characteristics of the measures of the board and the audit committee were found to be the significant determinants of the environmental disclosure of firms in Kenya and Nigeria, the same cannot be said of firms in South Africa. The study, therefore, recommends that borrowing from South Africa, environmental management practices should be institutionalized in the entire region. Additionally, standard-setters should make practical efforts by developing new reporting standards which will guide and encourage a full disclosure of environmental concerns by firms.
Wasiu Abiodun Sanyaolu1, Trimisiu Tunji Siyanbola2 and Hafeez Babatunde Makinde3
Credit risk is one of the biggest challenges banks in Nigeria are faced with. By implication, it is also the one with dire consequences for their operation and survival, given the fact that a series of banks’ failures have significantly been brought into connection with nonperforming loans. Thus, this study examined the bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of the nonperforming loans of the listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). Regression analysis involving fixed effect was adopted in order to analyze the panel data of the 10 selected deposit money banks in the period from 2008 to 2017. The findings show that the capital adequacy ratio, the size and the loans-to-total-assets ratio negatively and significantly affect nonperforming loans, whereas profitability and age were found to significantly but positively influence nonperforming loans of the Nigerian deposit money banks. More so, the liquidity ratio negatively, but insignificantly, affects nonperforming loans. However, not a single macroeconomic variable exerts a significant effect on nonperforming loans. The study recommends that banks should always deploy strategies for credit risk management by taking cognizance of the bank-specific and economic determinants of the nonperforming loans.
Olgica Glavaški i Emilija Beker Pucar
U periodu nakon Globalne recesije, intenzivirano je pitanje potreba za fiskalnim konsolidacijama sa ciljem smanjenja budžetskog deficita i javnog duga, a da mere koje se primenjuju ne utiču dodatno na usporavanje privredne aktivnosti u ekonomijama Evropske Unije (EU). Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu su epizode fiskalnih konsolidacija u periodu 1990-2015, u 28 ekonomija EU, u kontekstu diferencijacije višegodišnjih nasuprot jednogodišnjih (hladan tuš) epizoda i njihovih efekata, pre i nakon Globalne recesije. Identifikovane su epizode fiskalnih konsolidacija koje rezultiraju uspešnim (smanjenje ciklično prilagođenog primarnog budžetskog deficita) i ekspanzivnim efektima (rast BDP-a), čime je empirijski potvrđeno postojanje ne-Kejnzijanskih efekata. Navedeno afirmiše ideju da borba za uspostavljanje fiskalne održivosti merama austerije ne znači nužno kontrakcije u ekonomijama, kao i da je razvoj fiskalne arhitekture u EU, uspostavljanjem komplementarnosti između supranacionalnih i nacionalnih fiskalnih aranžmana u post-kriznom periodu, od izuzetne važnosti.
Taiwo Azeez Olaniyi and Babatunde Akinola
Traditional theories ignored the power of culture with respect to tax performance, even though culture does have an impact on everything that people do or decide not to do. This study examines the impact of the national culture dimensions: the power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and indulgence on tax performance in ten African countries. A quantitative research design was adopted and a panel dataset from 2010 to 2016 was analyzed using the Panel-Corrected Standard Error estimator. The results show that indulgence indicates a significant positive impact on tax performance, the power distance, individualism and long-term orientation have a significant negative impact on tax performance, whereas masculinity and uncertainty avoidance have an insignificant impact. Thus, high tax performance is associated with a low power distance, low individualism, low short-term orientation, moderate uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and high indulgence. This study recommends that tax policymakers should consider cultural values when designing tax compliance legislation or when investigating possible behavioral irregularities.
Milena Nedeljković Knežević1, Maja Mijatov1 i Slađana Nedeljković2
Predmet istraživanja je značaj socio-demografskih karakteristika i dimenzija ličnosti zaposlenih za njihovo zadovoljstvo komunikacijom. Cilj je da se utvrde statistički značajni uticaji i korelacije između glavnih konstrukata u istraživanju sprovedenom na uzorku od 119 zaposlenih. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da, izuzev polne strukture ispitanika, sve ostale ispitivane socio-demografske karakteristike imaju uticaj na pojedine dimenzije zadovoljstva komunikacijom. Utvrđene su i korelacije između određenih dimenzija ličnosti i pojedinih dimenzija zadovoljstva komunikacijom zaposlenih. Dobijeni rezultati imaju niz praktičnih imlikacija. Potrebno je poboljšati kvalitet interpersonalnih relacija između visokoobrazovanih zaposlenih i njihovih nadređenih, što se može realizovati pružanjem veće autonomije u radu i izazovnijih radnih zadataka. Pored toga, potrebno je poboljšati uzlazne komunikacione kanale kako bi zaposleni na izvršnim radnim pozicijama nesmetano predstavili svoje ideje nadređenima. Zaposlene sa izraženim dimenzijama ličnosti Otvorenost za nova iskustva i Ekstraverzija je poželjno postaviti na one radne pozicije gde bi, u skladu sa njihovim znanjima, ostvarili najbolje rezultate.
Danijela Martinovic
The break-even point model is a well-known instrument for determining target production, income and costs for the purpose of gaining a zero profit. Although it is a concept that was present in the literature as early as in the late XIX century, the break-even point is applied in the contemporary business practice even today. This paper aims to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of the traditional (linear) and contemporary (nonlinear) break-even models. Particular attention is paid to the assumptions needed for a successful application of both models. The frequency of the use of the break-even point, limitations and assumptions were studied on a sample of 100 manufacturing enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research study has revealed management’s awareness of the potentials for applying the break-even point concept and the need to use the modern models that include assumptions pertaining to change in the key variables in the model. This results in the need to design such nonlinear, dynamic and stochastic models that best represent the dynamic conditions of contemporary business.
Ebiaghan Orits Frank
This study empirically investigates the nexus between the moral hazard hypothesis and the adoption of the Deposit Insurance Scheme (DIS) in Nigeria. Using the secondary data sourced from the Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation’s (NDIC) annual reports and accounts, a multiple regression model was formulated, comprising a deposit insurance fund as a proxy for moral hazard (the dependent variable), whereas the asset quality indicators of Nigerian banks were the independent variables. The estimation technique according to the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was used to test the relationships between the variables. The study revealed a significant positive relationship between the asset quality indicators of Nigerian banks and the deposit insurance fund, which supports the moral hazard hypothesis. It is recommended that governments should strengthen their banking regulatory systems in order to mitigate the unintended risks which the adoption of the DIS portends.