Vladimir Obradović
Rad je posvećen sagledavanju položaja Međunarodnog standarda finansijskog izveštavanja (MSFI) za male i srednje entitete (MSE) u regulativi i praksi finansijskog izveštavanja u Republici Srbiji. Nakon razmatranja globalnog značaja ovog standarda, analizira se njegov položaj u regulatornom okviru finansijskog izveštavanja Republike Srbije, u koji je uključen od 2013, dok se dublji uvid u položaj standarda u praksi ostvaruje empirijskim istraživanjem na uzorku od 175 preduzeća. Pošto ima potencijal da olakša finansijsko izveštavanje mnogim preduzećima koja su ranije morala da primenjuju pune MSFI, njegovo usvajanje u Republici Srbiji je korisno, ali potencijalni problem proističe iz činjenice da on nije usvojen na nivou Evropske unije (EU). Istraživanjem u radu je utvrđeno da preduzeća u Republici Srbiji, koja mogu da biraju između MSFI za MSE i punih MSFI, ipak, češće biraju pune MSFI. Ovaj nalaz treba posmatrati u kontekstu dugogodišnje primene punih MSFI pre implementacije MSFI za MSE. Zavisna preduzeća ređe biraju MSFI za MSE nego preduzeća koja nemaju to svojstvo.
Olubunmi Florence Osemene1, Joshua Solomon Adeyele2 and Pauline Adinnu3
In many countries, there are a certain number of organizations going through severe crises due to a failure in corporate governance. In this study, the main aim is to determine how the ownership structure and the characteristics of the boards of Nigeria’s listed deposit money banks (DMBs) affect aggressive earnings management for a period of 5 years (2011-2016). The panel least-square method was used to analyze the data collected. The findings revealed that private, foreign and government shareholdings have a negative and significant impact on aggressive earnings management. Also, directors’ tenures status has a significant effect on aggressive earning management, while the board size, the gender and the size of the firm have no such significant effect in the period observed. Based on these findings, the study concludes that the ownership structure has a significant impact on aggressive earnings management, whereas the characteristics of the board, excluding directors’ tenures status, do not have any significant effect. Hence, the study recommends that the 10% threshold imposed by the CBN on the government shareholding should be maintained, while regulatory and supervisory agencies are advised to pay adequate attention and conduct the monitoring of the activities performed by the CEOs of the banks, especially upon expiry of the directors’ tenure, so as to protect shareholders.
Alphonse Kumaza
Corporate innovation and technology application for the purpose of improving business profits are a permanent fixation in management. The study explores corporate innovation and its capability to ensure social accountability and environmental responsibility. Innovation is necessary for growth, the maintenance of the market share and for the continual expansion and exploration of business opportunities, yet difficult to secure sustainable communities. The results of an SPSS statistical analysis show that business innovative technology and new thinking capabilities are not so designed to promote environmental accountability and social welfare, but rather to enhance corporations’ growth. The insufficient poor understanding of business management of the enterprise’s externality contributes to corporations’ poor environmental performance. This contribution, which might be the subject matter of possible future research, exposes corporations’ inability to promote sustainable stakeholder communities and environmental responsibility, contrary to the perceptions that business innovation works for environmental sustainability.
Marko Slavković1, Goran Pavlović2 i Marijana Simić2
Transformacija kapitalno intenzivne u znanjem vođenu privredu označila je početak nove epohe u poslovanju preduzeća. Realizacija poslovnih aktivnosti u izuzetno dinamičnom okruženju, u mnogome, umanjila je značaj tradicionalnih koncepata i tehnika, zbog čega je fokus na ljudskim resursima i njihovom upravljanju. Shodno tome, preduzeće treba da privuče, zadrži i motiviše zaposlene, kako bi generisanjem visokog nivoa njihovog zadovoljstva osiguralo put ka realizaciji strategijskih ciljeva. Mogući pravac postizanja željene pozicije zasniva se na razvoju brenda poslodavca. Stoga, cilj ovog rada jeste da utvrdi kakav je uticaj prakse u realizaciji aktivnosti regrutovanja zaposlenih na njihovo zadovoljstvo, kao i uticaj brenda poslodavca, kao medijatora, na identifikovanu vezu između regrutovanja i zadovoljstva zaposlenih u Srbiji. Rezultati sprovedenog empirijskog istraživanja dokazuju postojanje statistički značajnog pozitivnog uticaja regrutovanja zaposlenih, kao i medijatorskog uticaja brenda poslodavca, na njihovo zadovoljstvo.
Joshua Solomon Adeyele
The inability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to access funds from financial institutions has been identified as one of the major problems limiting their expansion horizons. This study assesses the criteria and mechanisms used by financial institutions when granting loans to SMEs. The data were sourced from the relevant financial institutions and analyzed by using different statistical tools. One of the findings revealed that the financial ratio and the internal control system accounted for 28.7% of the part of the conditions for granting loans to SMEs. Similarly, good working capital and the ease of asset conversion accounted for 94.5% of the criteria used by financial institutions to extend credits/loans to SMEs. Also, the educational background of SMEs’ operators significantly influenced the financial institutions’ choice of SMEs to finance. Based on these findings, the study recommends that there is a need for SMEs’ operators to align their business activities with financial institutions’ lending criteria.
Edvard Jakopin
Da li se tranzicione države Jugoistočne Evrope (JIE) nalaze zarobljene u institucionalnoj tranziciji? Institucionalna tranzicija koja traje skoro tri, a u Republici Srbiji skoro dve decenije, započela je brzim uništavanjem institucija iz prethodnog političkog i ekonomskog sistema, ali, izgradnja novih tržišnih institucija se odvija sporo, neefikasno i parcijalno. Republika Srbija je izgubila tri decenije privrednog rasta i razvoja, što potvrđuje ekonomsku zakonitost da je potrebno dvostruko više vremena vratiti sistem u prethodni ekvilibrijum od dužine vremena u kome se sistem nalazio van ravnoteže. Prosečan rast za sedamnaest tranzicionih godina od 3% je nedovoljan da se nadoknadi ogroman zaostatak iz devedesetih godina XX-og veka. Istraživački doprinos u radu fokusiran je na analizu međuzavisnosti privrednog rasta i izgradnje institucija. Posebna pažnja usmerena je na faktor korupcije, koja razara institucije u svim tranzicionim državama, smanjuje privredni rast, produktivnost i negativno utiče na privlačenje stranih direktnih investicija (SDI).
Dejan Jovanović i Vesna Janjić
Sa povećanjem broja preduzeća koja su usvojila ISO 14001 standard, dolazi do porasta interesovanja istraživača za procenu motiva i koristi od njegove implementacije. Međutim, uprkos važnosti ISO 14001 standarda, rasprava o njihovoj efikasnosti i ulozi računovodstva u tom procesu i dalje je otvorena među istraživačima i praktičarima. Polazeći od navedenog, osnovna svrha istraživanja u ovom radu je da se identifikuju motivi i koristi od implementacije ISO 14001 standarda i da se ispita kakva je uloga računovodstva u procesu implementacije. Empirijsko istraživanje u radu sprovedeno je na primeru 33 preduzeća koja imaju obavezu da Nacionalnom registru izvora zagađivanja dostave podatke o izvorima zagađivanja životne sredine. Prikupljanje podatka sprovedeno je anketiranjem menadžmenta preduzeća putem upitnika, dok je analiza podataka izvršena korišćenjem različitih kvantitativnih statističkih metoda i tehnika, a prvenstveno primenom deskriptivne statistike i neparametarskih testova. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da su primarni motivi za uvođenje ISO 14001 standarda odgovornost prema životnoj sredini, izgradnja imidža društveno odgovorne kompanije, i unapređenje performansi, dok se koristi mogu sintetizovati kroz poboljšanje ekoloških performansi, efikasnosti i profitabilnosti. Takođe, rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da menadžeri preduzeća, delimično, prepoznaju ulogu računovodstva u implementaciji ISO 14001 standarda. Glavni zaključak istraživanja je da menadžment preduzeća u Srbiji shvata značaj implementacije ISO 14001 standarda, ali ne u pravoj meri i ulogu računovodstva u tom procesu.
Amaechi Patrick Egbunike and Godsday Edesiri Okoro
Quite a few studies have argued that green accounting does matter to the profitability of a firm; however, little is known about Nigerian firms. To address this gap, this paper seeks to investigate whether green accounting matters to the profitability of Nigerian firms or not. Towards achieving this, an expo-facto research design was adopted and ten non-consumer goods firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange were selected during 2012-2016. The data were sourced from the annual reports and accounts of the selected non-consumer goods firms. The data comprised of green accounting (expenses of community involvement and the amount spent on environmental protection) and profitability (return on equity and Tobin Q) indicators. The data obtained were analyzed by using canonical correlations. The study revealed that there was no significant relationship between green accounting and profitability measures among the non-consumer goods firms. The implication is that whether or not firms engage in green accounting, their profitability level remains unchanged. In addition, this provides evidence that the practice of green accounting among non-consumer goods firms in Nigeria is still at its ad-hoc stage. On the basis of the above findings, we proposed that the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria and corporate entities should, as a matter of fact, accommodate the growing awareness in green accounting and formulate a disclosure requirement aimed at improving the profitability of firms. This will no doubt enhance green accounting practices among firms and in general policies aimed at enhancing their competitiveness in the industry in which they are domiciled.
Slavica Manić, Ljubinka Joksimović i Siniša Zarić
Hijerarhija rodnih uloga u visokom obrazovanju u Republici Srbiji je značajna tema po više osnova: kao specifično pitanje u okviru šireg problema rodne ravnopravnosti, koji je poslednjih godina postao prioritetno područje strukturnih reformi na ovim prostorima; kao zaseban segment rodne segregacije, neopravdano prenebregavan kao istraživačko pitanje domaće akademske javnosti; kao segment koji oslikava razmere rodne nejednakosti, ali upravo onaj koji kako nacionalne, tako ni evropske statistike ne nude potpunije podatke. Navedeni razlozi, pojedinačno i sveukupno, predstavljaju osnovnu motivaciju za pisanje ovog rada. Da bismo ustanovili da li položaj žena u nauci varira prema njihovoj poziciji na karijernoj lestvici, proučićemo stanje u sistemu visokog obrazovanja u Republici Srbiji. U analizi se koriste metodološki postupci deskriptivne statistike, kako bi, na osnovu mikropodataka Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja, izračunali sledeće relativne pokazatelje: strukturu nastavnog kadra po polu i zvanjima u različitim naučnim oblastima; i indeks staklenog plafona. Smatramo da bi takav, relativno precizan, uvid u razmere vertikalne segregacije mogao biti od koristi pri koncipiranju budućih inicijativa usmerenih na sistemsko uvođenje rodne perspektive u donošenje, sprovođenje i praćenje javnih politika.
Amaka E. Agbata1, Chizoba M. Ekwueme1 and Edirin Jeroh2
The study determined how the administration of the Pension Scheme could be perked up in Nigeria through effective management that would reduce fraudulent practices apparent in the scheme. By following the precept of library research via the survey design, a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire was designed to educe primary information about pension matters from a sample of 435 knowledgeable respondents. The collected data were presented and analyzed. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested based on Multiple Regression Analysis models with the aid of Minitab version 17. The findings show that, despite the provisions of the Act (the Pension Reform Act – PRA), intents for committing Pension Fraud have not reduced to a significant extent. Also, the accumulated assets of pension funds have not been adequately diversified into profitable investment alternatives. Therefore, we recommend that, among other things, amendments should concertedly be made to the PRA to at least discourage acts of pension frauds by instituting severe punitive measures for culprits, while simultaneously inculcating moral ethics among public servants in Nigeria.